COMMENT ⊗   VALID 00006 PAGES
C REC  PAGE   DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00002 00002
C00006 00003
C00008 00004		Setting up the musical staff.
C00012 00005
C00015 00006
C00020 ENDMK
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	The MS program can create scores with as many staves as desired,
however only up to 8 staves may appear on the CRT display at one time.
Due to the limitations of the display system it is best to deal with as
few staves at a time as is convenient. The dispayable staves are numbered
0 through 7 with 0 appearing at the bottom of the screen.

	Each object used in a musical score will be numbered according to
it's order of entry. These objects are known as "Items" and each Item will
be associated with a particular staff number. Each Item will be defined
in terms of a string of parameters. The first 4 parameters for each Item
will conform to the following conventions.

	P1	Will contain the special code number for each Item.
		For example the code number for notes is 1; for rests, 2;
		for clefs, 3; etc.

	P2	Will indicate the staff (0 to 7) to which the Item is
		attached. The vertical size of the staff will determine
		the basic size of each Item.

	P3	Will indicate the horizontal position of each Item. The
		normal full screen width has a range of numbers from
		0 to 200. Position 100 is at the center of the screen.
		P3 numbers are absolute. They are unaffected by staff
		size. Floating point numbers may be used in this and
		most following parameters.

	P4	Sets the vetical position of each Item. Vertical position
		will always be relative to the vertical position of the
		staff involved. The position numbers are related to the
		numbering of the notes of the diatonic scale beginning
		with middle C=1. The treble clef is assumed for this
		purpose. Thus a note with P4 set to 1 would appear on
		the first ledger line below the staff. The bottom line
		of the staff is position 3. (The musical interval from
		C to E is a third.) The first space in the staff is
		position 4, the top space is position 10, etc. The analogy
		to musical intervals holds only when ascending from
		position 1. Descending, the next position is 0 (for B
		below middle C), then -1 for A, -2 for G, etc. Note that
		the actual clef used is not pertinent here; 1 will put a
		note on the first ledger line below the staff no matter
		what clef has appeared. For most Items P4 will indicate
		the position of the bottom of the Item, however there are
		many exceptions to this (clefs, rests, etc.)

	The higher parameter numbers will serve various functions
depending on the code number (P1) involved.


	A guide to spacing may be made to appear on the screen by typing
SC n <cr> , where n is a staff number. (SC = spacing scale) Upward from
the bottom of the screen, on the far left side, the numbers 0 to 7 will
appear. These refer to the numbered positions of the staves. Horizontally,
at whatever staff number that has been given following SC, the scale is
by tens in an abbreviated form running from 0 to 9 (= 0 to 90), 0 to 9
again (= 100 to 190) and then a final 0 (= 200). To move the scale to a
different staff level just type SC n (cr) with a new value for n.
To erase the spacing scale entirely, type SC 99 <cr>. It is usually a
good idea to have the spacing scale visible when any editing is being done.

	Setting up the musical staff.
	
	Normally the first step in entering a score is to set up the staff.
The parameters list for a staff is as folows:

|  P1	|  P2  |  P3   |   P4	|  P5  |  P6   |  P7	 |   P8   |      P9	 |
| Code  |Staff | Left  |Relative| Size | Right |Visible, |Location|Identification|
|Num.(8)| Num. |side of|vertical|factor|side of|invisible|   of   |     name	 |
|	|(Basic| staff |position|      | staff |	 |spacing |		 |
|	| vert.|       |	|      |       |	 |  line  |		 |
|	| pos.)|       |	|      |       |	 |	  |		 |
|	|(0to7)|       |	|      |       |	 |	  |		 |

	Normally a zero in P2 will put a staff near the bottom of the
display. However a staff zero may be made to appear anywhere by changing
the number in P4. The vertical spacing units used in P4 will be called
"note level units." There are two note level units from one staff line to
the next. Thus if P4 = 2 the staff will appear 2 levels higher than the
basic position. P4 = 10 would put the staff down 10 note levels.

	The actual size of each note level unit depends on the size factor
number in P5. When the program begins P5 is set to 1 for all 8 staves.
If If P5 equals 2, then the size of each note level unit will double.
P5 = .8 will make the note level units 80% of the basic size. The size
factor of a staff will influnece every Item associated with that same staff.
Thus all the notes on a staff with P5 = .5 will be half as large as the
notes on a staff with P5 = 1. The horizontal position numbers (0 to 200)
are not affected by the P5 size factor of the staff.

	P3 and P6 control the actual width of the staff. The origanal values
for these are 0 and 200. To make a staff occupy only the right half of the
screen set P3 to 100. To make it occupy only the left half set P3 to 0 and
P6 to 100. The horizontal spacing units will remain constant at all times.
With most Items which have variable left and right position points, such
as slurs, beams, various lines, etc., P3 and P6 are used to specify the
and right locations.

	Normall P7 is left at zero, however it is sometimes useful to
have items associated with a staff size factor different from any of those
staves which are visible. When P7 is set to 1 the staff lines will be
invisible but whatever values are given to P4 (vertical note level position)
and P5 (size factor will then serve as the bases for all items using the
same staff number (P2.)


	P8 is used to aid in spacing groups of staves when several
separate display units (files) are assembled to print a full page.
The use of this feature will be explaind later.

	P9 can be made to hold a special identification name for each
staff. These names are needed when the automatic part-extraction program
is used. This program will be dealt with later.

	The following examples should be tried to gain familiarity with
the staff placement. All entries must be terminated with <cr> (the return
key.)
→→→→INSERT←←←←←
	Then type 8 <cr>.

	This will place a full-length staff at position zero, the bottom
of the screen, with a size factor of 1. Since only P1 (the code number)
has been given here all the defaukt values for the remaining parameters
are assumed by the program.

	8 5 50 (always followed by <cr>.)

	In this case a staff at position 3, the middle of the screen.
The size factor, in P5, will cause the staff to be 80% of the vertical
size of the other staves.

	8 7 0 0 1.1 100

	This will put a staff near the top of the screen, position 7.
The size factor, 1.1, will cause it to be 10% larger than the standard
and the 100 in P6 will cause the right side of the staff to end at the
center of the screen.

Editing

	Any of the items appearing on the screen may be edited. The several
methods for locating the parameters of particular items will be explained
later. Each item ii internally given a number as it is entered. To bring
forth an item for editing simply type "I" followed by the proper number.
Thus typing I1 <cr> will make a cursor (marker) appear at the left leading
edge of the first staff entered. Also the list of parameters for that item
will be printed on the screen. At this point any of the parameters may be
changed by typing the parameter number followed by the change desired.


	If 4 1 is typed the new vertical position of the staff will
appear superimposed on the original staff. Since P4 now has a 1 in it
the whole staff has been moved up 1 note level unit. The lines of the
new form of the staff will appear in the spaces of the original form.
The original parameter list will print out once more. Now if "X" (for
"exit from edit mode") is typed the original form of the staff will
disappear leaving only the altered version. No list of parameters will
appear. The screen will say "TYPE FOR ITEM 5", (there are already 4
items on the screen.) New items may now be entered or further editing
may be done.

	To re-edit the first staff type "I1" again. (No space is needed
between I and 1.) The parameters list for item 1 will now show a 1 in P4. 
If 4 -1 is typed the staff will appear 2 note level units below its
current position. 4 3 will superimpose it 2 note levels above its current
position. In all these cases an absolute value is being given for P4.
Relative values may be given by adding two zeros to the parameter number.
(Or, if you prefer, PnX100.) Thus typing 400 -3 will cause the edited
version of the stave to move down 3 units from whatever level it may be
at. If all the previous steps have been typed as indicated the edited
position will now be at level zero.

	Severa; parameters may be changed at one time. The parameter
numbers need not be given in order. 3 10 6 190 4 will move the left and
right sides of the staff (P3 and P6) each in toward the center by 10
horizontal units and the staff will be moved up by 4 note level units.
(P4 is listed as 400 to cause a relative shift.) Typing an "X" will once
more exit from the edit mode.

	If nothing is typed at this point except <cr> the editing of
item 1 will cease, the old form of item 1 will disappear leaving only
the edited form and the cursor will move to item 2 and its parameter
list will be printed. Further carriage returns will step through the
items in order. When there are no more items found the cursor will
nolonger appear (you will be out of edit mode) and the program will
wait for other commands.

	To edit the last item entered no number is needed after the
letter I. In this set of examples typing I <cr> will go into edit mode
for item 4. To back up from this point, -2 <cr> (no "I") will move to
item 2 - or I2 <cr> would do the same thing. These last mentioned
commands will work only if there have been no changes made in the item
currently indicated by the cursor. If changes have been made single
negative numbers or the letter I will be ignored by the program. The
only valid commands are further parameter changes, an "X" or <cr> to
terminate the editing of that item, the letters L,R,U,D, the letter "C",
for COPY, "P" followed by a parameter number or "DEL".